Home Practice
For learners and parents For teachers and schools
Textbooks
Mathematics
Junior Secondary School 1 Junior Secondary School 2 Junior Secondary School 3
Full catalogue
Leaderboards
Learners Leaderboard Classes Leaderboard Schools Leaderboard
Pricing Support
Help centre Contact us
Log in

We think you are located in Nigeria. Is this correct?

Standard Reduction Potentials

Half-reactions Eθ (V)
Li+(aq) + e ⇌ Li(s) −3,05
K+(aq) + e ⇌ K(s) −2,93
Cs+(aq) + e ⇌ Cs(s) −2,92
Ba2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Ba(s) −2,90
Sr2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Sr(s) −2,89
Ca2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Ca(s) −2,87
Na+(aq) + e ⇌ Na(s) −2,71
Mg2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Mg(s) −2,36
Al3+(aq) + 3e ⇌ Al(s) −1,66
Mn2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Mn(s) −1,18
Cr2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Cr(s) −0,91
2H2O(l) + 2e ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH(aq) −0,83
Zn2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Zn(s) −0,76
Cr3+(aq) + 3e ⇌ Cr(s) −0,74
Fe2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Fe(s) −0,44
Cr3+(aq) + e ⇌ Cr2+(aq) −0,41
Cd2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Cd(s) −0,40
Co2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Co(s) −0,28
Ni2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Ni(s) −0,27
Sn2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Sn(s) −0,14
Pb2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Pb(s) −0,13
Fe3+(aq) + 3e ⇌ Fe(s) −0,06
2H+(aq) + 2e ⇌ H2(g) 0,00
S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e ⇌ H2S(g) +0,14
Sn4+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Sn2+(aq) +0,15
Cu2+(aq) + e ⇌ Cu+(aq) +0,16
SO42−(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) +0,17
Cu2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Cu(s) +0,34
2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4e ⇌ 4OH(aq) +0,40
SO2(g) + 4H+ + 4e ⇌ S(s) + 2H2O(l) +0,45
Cu+(aq) + e ⇌ Cu(s) +0,52
I2(s) + 2e ⇌ 2I(aq) +0,54
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e ⇌ H2O2(aq) +0,68
Fe3+(aq) + e ⇌ Fe2+(aq) +0,77
NO3(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O(l) +0,80
Ag+(aq) + e ⇌ Ag(s) +0,80
Hg2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Hg(l) +0,85
NO3(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O(l) +0,96
Br2(l) + 2e ⇌ 2Br(aq) +1,07
Pt2+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Pt(s) +1,20
MnO2(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e ⇌ Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) +1,23
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e ⇌ 2H2O(l) +1,23
Cr2O72−(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e ⇌ 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) +1,33
Cl2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cl(aq) +1,36
MnO4(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e ⇌ Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) +1,51
Au3+(aq) + 3e- ⇌ Au(s) +1,52
H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e ⇌ 2H2O(l) +1,77
Co3+(aq) + e ⇌ Co2+(aq) +1,81
F2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2F(aq) +2,87